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LEAPChem - Pharmaceutical Chemicals is a premier supplier of pharmaceutical chemicals and other chemical raw materials for global customers including drug manufacturers, universities, research labs, R&D centers, and other industries that use chemical raw materials such as polymers, textiles, agriculture, coatings, etc. As an ISO 9001:2015 certified company, our team of experts in customer service, product sourcing, logistics, regulatory and compliance operate at the highest standard. LEAPChem's experienced sales team will work tirelessly to find the chemicals you need for a price you can afford. LEAPChem Highlights Sildenafil citrate today!

Basic Information of Sildenafil citrate

Chemical Name: Sildenafil citrate

Cas No.: 171599-83-0

Molecular Formula: C11H8O2

Chemical Structure:

Sildenafil, sold as the brand name Viagra among others, is a medication used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Its effectiveness for treating sexual dysfunction in women has not been demonstrated.

Common side effects include headaches and heartburn, as well as flushed skin. Caution is advised in those who have cardiovascular disease. Rare but serious side effects include prolonged erections, which can lead to damage to the penis, and sudden-onset hearing loss. Sildenafil should not be taken by people who take nitrates such as nitroglycerin (glycerin trinitrate), as this may result in a severe and potentially fatal drop in blood pressure.

Sildenafil acts by inhibiting cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (phosphodiesterase 5, PDE5), an enzyme that promotes degradation of cGMP, which regulates blood flow in the penis.

Pfizer scientists Andrew Bell, David Brown, and Nicholas Terrett originally discovered sildenafil as a treatment for various cardiovascular disorders. Since becoming available in 1998, sildenafil has been a common treatment for erectile dysfunction; its primary competitors are tadalafil (trade name Cialis) and vardenafil (Levitra).

The primary indication of sildenafil is treatment of erectile dysfunction (inability to sustain a satisfactory erection to complete intercourse). Its use is now one of the standard treatments for erectile dysfunction, including for men with diabetes mellitus.

Tentative evidence suggests that sildenafil may help men who experience antidepressant-induced erectile dysfunction.

While sildenafil improves some markers of disease in people with pulmonary arterial hypertension, it does not appear to affect the risk of death or serious side effects as of 2014.

Sildenafil and other PDE5 inhibitors are used off-label to alleviate vasospasm and treat severe ischemia and ulcers in fingers and toes for people with secondary Raynaud's phenomenon; these drugs have moderate efficacy for reducing the frequency and duration of vasospastic episodes. As of 2016, their role more generally in Raynaud's was not clear.

Sildenafil protects cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) from degradation by cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) in the corpus cavernosum. Nitric oxide (NO) in the corpus cavernosum of the penis binds to guanylate cyclase receptors, which results in increased levels of cGMP, leading to smooth muscle relaxation (vasodilation) of the intimal cushions of the helicine arteries. This smooth muscle relaxation leads to vasodilation and increased inflow of blood into the spongy tissue of the penis, causing an erection. Robert F. Furchgott, Ferid Murad, and Louis Ignarro won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1998 for their independent study of the metabolic pathway of nitric oxide in smooth muscle vasodilation.

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References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sildenafil

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11220982

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10400408

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Searching for niche products has always been a problem. You have to spend much valuable time looking for a supplier, and then you need to make sure the provider is reputable. Usually, successfully finding a reputable, reliable, and responsible supplier of high quality chemicals must be a headache. Relax now, because those days are over! By coming to the LEAPChem - Pharmaceutical Chemicals website, you have come one step closer to acquiring your trouble free pharmaceutical chemicals. LEAPChem Highlights Menadione today!

Basic Information of Menadione

Chemical Name: Menadione

Cas No.: 58-27-5

Molecular Formula: C11H8O2

Chemical Structure:

Menadione is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO)2C2H(CH3). It is an analog of 1,4-naphthoquinone with a methyl group in the 2-position.

It is occasionally used as a nutritional supplement in animal feed because of its vitamin K activity.

It is sometimes called vitamin K3, although derivatives of naphthoquinone are not naturally occurring chemicals and therefore do not qualify as vitamins, and without the side chain in the 2-position (which, as the methyl group is retained in vitamine K, in the structural formula of menadione is the unsubstituted 3-position!) they cannot exert all the functions of the K vitamins. Menadione is metabolized by the human body into K2 which uses alkylation to yield menaquinones (MK-n, n=1-13; K2 vitamers), hence is better classified as a provitamin. It is also known as "menaphthone".

It is an intermediate in the chemical synthesis of vitamin K by first reduction to the diol menadiol, which is suscepible to coupling to the phytol.

Despite the fact that it can serve as a precursor to various types of vitamin K, menadione is generally not used as a nutritional supplement in economically developed countries. Menadione for human use at pharmaceutical strength is available in some countries with large lower income populations. It is used in the treatment of hypoprothrombinemia outside of the United States.

Menadione in combination with vitamin C has been investigated for the treatment for prostate cancer.

It was reported, that menadione topical lotion reduces epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-related side effects by the prevention of skin toxicities that result from inhibition of protein kinases by drugs such as erlotinib (Tarceva) and cetuximab (Erbitux), however, the paper was later retracted.

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References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menadione

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8048083

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15939799

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Basic Information of Estradiol

Chemical Name: Estradiol

Cas No.: 50-28-2

Molecular Formula: C18H24O2

Chemical Structure:

Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone. It is involved in the regulation of the estrous and menstrual female reproductive cycles. Estradiol is responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics such as the breasts, widening of the hips, and a feminine pattern of fat distribution in women and is important in the development and maintenance of female reproductive tissues such as the mammary glands, uterus, and vagina during puberty, adulthood, and pregnancy. It also has important effects in many other tissues including bone, fat, skin, liver, and the brain. Though estradiol levels in men are much lower compared to those in women, estradiol has important roles in men as well. Aside from humans and other mammals, estradiol is also found in most vertebrates and crustaceans, insects, fish, and other animal species.

Estradiol is produced especially within the follicles of the ovaries, but also in other tissues including the testicles, the adrenal glands, fat, liver, the breasts, and the brain. Estradiol is produced in the body from cholesterol through a series of reactions and intermediates. The major pathway involves the formation of androstenedione, which is then converted by aromatase into estrone and is subsequently converted into estradiol. Alternatively, androstenedione can be aromatized into testosterone, which can then be converted into estradiol. Upon menopause in women, production of estrogens by the ovaries stops and estradiol levels decrease to very low levels.

Estradiol acts primarily as an agonist of the estrogen receptor (ER), a nuclear steroid hormone receptor. There are two subtypes of the ER, ERα and ERβ, and estradiol potently binds to and activates both of these receptors. The result of ER activation is a modulation of gene transcription and expression in ER-expressing cells, which is the predominant mechanism by which estradiol mediates its biological effects in the body. Estradiol also acts as an agonist of membrane estrogen receptors (mERs), such as GPER (GPR30), a recently discovered non-nuclear receptor for estradiol, via which it can mediate a variety of rapid, non-genomic effects. Unlike the case of the ER, GPER appears to be selective for estradiol, and shows very low affinities for other endogenous estrogens, such as estrone and estriol.[39] Additional mERs besides GPER include ER-X, ERx, and Gq-mER.

Estradiol, like other steroid hormones, is derived from cholesterol. After side chain cleavage and using the Δ5 or the Δ4- pathway, androstenedione is the key intermediary. A portion of the androstenedione is converted to testosterone, which in turn undergoes conversion to estradiol by aromatase. In an alternative pathway, androstenedione is aromatized to estrone, which is subsequently converted to estradiol via 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD).

Estradiol is an estrane steroid. It is also known as 17β-estradiol (to distinguish it from 17α-estradiol) or as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol. It has two hydroxyl groups, one at the C3 position and the other at the 17β position, as well as three double bonds in the A ring. Due to its two hydroxyl groups, estradiol is often abbreviated as E2. The structurally related estrogens, estrone (E1), estriol (E3), and estetrol (E4) have one, three, and four hydroxyl groups, respectively.

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References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiol

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11511861

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2754262/

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Basic Information of Acrylamide

Chemical Name: Acrylamide

Cas No.: 79-06-1

Molecular Formula: C3H5NO

Chemical Structure:

Acrylamide (or acrylic amide) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula C3H5NO. Its IUPAC name is prop-2-enamide. It is a white odorless crystalline solid, soluble in water, ethanol, ether, and chloroform. Acrylamide decomposes in the presence of acids, bases, oxidizing agents, iron, and iron salts. It decomposes non-thermally to form ammonia, and thermal decomposition produces carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen.

Acrylamide can be prepared by the hydrolysis of acrylonitrile by nitrile hydratase. In industry, most acrylamide is used to synthesize polyacrylamides, which find many uses as water-soluble thickeners. These include use in wastewater treatment, gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), papermaking, ore processing, tertiary oil recovery, and the manufacture of permanent press fabrics. Some acrylamide is used in the manufacture of dyes and the manufacture of other monomers.

The discovery of acrylamide in some cooked starchy foods in 2002 prompted concerns about the carcinogenicity of those foods. As of 2017 it is still not clear whether acrylamide consumption affects people's risk of developing cancer.

The majority of acrylamide is used to manufacture various polymers. In the 1970s and 1980s, the proportionately largest use of these polymers was in water treatment. Additional uses include as binding, thickening or flocculating agents in grout, cement, sewage/wastewater treatment, pesticide formulations, cosmetics, sugar manufacturing, soil erosion prevention, ore processing, food packaging, plastic products, and paper production. Polyacrylamide is also used in some potting soil. Another use of polyacrylamide is as a chemical intermediate in the production of N-methylol acrylamide and N-butoxyacrylamide.

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References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylamide

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4164905/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17492525

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